It's hot out there, so follow these tips
Monday’s news that weekend temperatures hit 90 and above in the lower 48 states — with the sole exception of Washington — was an apt reminder of summer’s downside. The shining sun is a powerful temptress, beckoning young and old to linger longer in the heat. Distractions of work and play make forgetting about hydration too easy, so as temperatures climb remember that even strong bodies can overheat, whether or not temperatures reach the 90s.
Heatstroke is usually as a result of prolonged exposure to (non-exertional heatstroke), or physical activity in (exertional heatstroke), high temperatures. Especially vulnerable are children, the aged or ill, and anyone working or recreating outdoors for extended periods. It’s important to recognize signs and act quickly; untreated heatstroke can quickly damage the brain, heart, kidneys and muscles.
Causes of heatstroke include:
1. Wearing excess clothing which prevents sweat from evaporating easily and cooling the body. Protect skin from sun damage with thin, breathable fabrics.
2. Drinking alcohol — it affects the body’s ability to regulate temperature.
3. Becoming dehydrated by not drinking enough water to replenish fluids lost through sweating.
Anyone can develop heatstroke, but increased risk factors include:
1. Age. In the very young, the central nervous system is not fully developed, and in adults over 65, the central nervous system begins to deteriorate; both lessen the body’s ability to cope with temperature changes. Both age groups have more difficulty remaining hydrated, further increasing risk.
2. Exertion in hot weather. Military training and sports in hot weather are common situations which lead to heatstroke.
3. Sudden exposure to hot weather. You may be more susceptible to heat-related illness when exposed to a sudden increase in temperature, such as during a heat wave or travel to a hotter climate. Limit activity for a few days to acclimate.
4. A lack of air conditioning. Fans may feel good, but during hot weather, air conditioning is more effective.
5. Medications. Some medications, such as vasoconstrictors, betablockers, diuretics, and antidepressants, affect the body’s ability to stay hydrated and respond to heat.
6. Certain health conditions. Certain chronic illnesses, such as heart or lung disease, may increase risk of heatstroke. So does being obese, sedentary, or having a history of previous heatstroke.
Symptoms of heat stroke include:
1. Internal body temperature of 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher
2. Altered mental state or behavior — Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures, and/or coma
3. Skin changes — Skin may become flushed or red. In nonexertional heatstroke, the skin feels hot and dry to the touch. However, with exertional heatstroke, the skin may feel moist.
4. Nausea/vomiting
5. Rapid or shallow breathing, or high pulse — heat stress places a tremendous burden on the heart to help cool the body.
6. Headache
If heat stroke is suspected, seek immediate medical attention. Meanwhile, cool the overheated person. Move indoors, remove excess clothing, and cool the person with whatever means available — a tub of water, a cool shower, spray with a garden hose, sponge with cool water, a fan, ice or cold packs, wet towels on the person’s head, neck, armpits and groin.
For more information see Mayoclinic.com.
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Sholeh Patrick is a columnist for the Hagadone News Network who prefers cool weather. Contact her at Sholeh@cdapress.com.