What happened to the Class of 2013?

In 2012-13, Idaho's high school graduation rate dropped to its lowest point in a decade.

The numbers - the most recent available - largely reflect a bookkeeping change. The federal government wants schools to do a better job of tracking students who leave the education system, even if they just transfer to another school; any students who fall through the cracks will be listed as dropouts.

The tougher reporting requirements present a long-term challenge to Idaho - a state which has long taken pride in its high graduation rates. It will be all the more difficult for Idaho to meet aggressive federal graduation benchmarks.

Still unchanged is Idaho's goal: a 90 percent graduation rate, one of the federal government's Adequate Yearly Progress benchmarks for Idaho.

Under the new rules, Idaho's graduation rate tumbled to 83.6 percent. As recently as 2010-11, Idaho had exceeded the 90 percent goal, albeit under a less stringent scoring system.

A big dropoff

The 2012-13 dropoff was almost universal.

The statewide graduation rate tumbled to 83.6 percent, down from 89 percent in 2011-12 and 93 percent in 2010-11.

Every large district in the state experienced some dropoffs. Some were minuscule - Coeur d'Alene, for example, saw its rate drop from 93.1 percent to 93 percent. Moscow, meanwhile, plummeted from 95.4 percent to 75.4 percent.

The dropoffs even affected many of the state's high-performing schools - schools that received top marks in Idaho's five-star school ratings. The star ratings use a variety of metrics, including graduation rates. Yet in the summer of 2013, five high schools received five-star ratings despite grad rates lagging below the state average: Dietrich and Marsing high schools; Liberty and Vision charter schools; and Paradise Creek, a Moscow alternative school.

The dropoff seems dramatic, but it's hard to make comparisons between the two years.

"I don't think there's really the relevance that we would want to see, normally," said Joyce Popp, the State Department of Education's chief information officer.

What's different?

Idaho is changing the way it tracks graduates and dropouts, finally complying with new federal guidelines.

In the past, a school or a district would look at the numbers at the start of a senior year. The number of graduates would be divided against enrollment, and that's how the school's graduation rate would be calculated.

Now, schools are expected to track a graduating class from ninth grade onward. If students leave school at any point, they will be tallied as a dropout. A school can appeal - for example, if a school has a request for a transcript from another school, it can prove that a student simply transferred.

But only if the school has a paperwork request in hand, from a student's new school.

Idaho is one of the last states to adopt this new system. Many school officials found themselves struggling, over summer break in 2013, to comply with a new set of rules. "It was definitely a very dramatic change from what they were doing in the past," Popp said.

And not without confusion.

District officials are getting a handle on what happens with students who have to attend summer school; summer school graduates are counted among that year's graduating class. And what happens with students who get a GED - they now count as dropouts, another rules change.