Decoding the latest messages about allergies

Since the year 2000, physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics have been recommending that parents delay the introduction of peanuts to their children until about three years of age to reduce the risk of peanut allergies. Unfortunately, the rate of peanut allergies has only increased over the years, despite adherence to these recommendations. It’s not uncommon to see “peanut free zones” posted in public schools and child care facilities. Since reactions from a peanut allergy can be very severe, including anaphylaxis and death, it’s no wonder that parents have now become fearful to offer peanuts to their children.

However, the latest research on peanut allergies indicates that the delayed introduction of peanuts significantly increases the risk of developing an allergy. The LEAP study (a randomized trial) divided infants 4-11 months old into two groups, one group had strict peanut avoidance and another had consistent peanut intake. All of the participants were considered at risk for developing a peanut allergy because they had either eczema, egg sensitivity, or both. At the end of five years, all of the children were screened for peanut allergies. The results showed a significant increase in peanut sensitivity among participants that had no peanut intake. In contrast, of the children that participated in the study, those with regular exposure to peanuts had fewer reactions to peanuts. The conclusion was that early and regular exposure to peanuts reduced the risk of developing an allergy to peanuts.

However, before you go offering peanut butter sandwiches to your 6 month old, remember that this was one study and that more research still needs to be done before making rash decisions, no pun intended. Like much research, this study answers one big question and opens the door for more questions. Such as, “What is the appropriate age and manner to offer peanuts?” and “Can this same principle be applied to other potential allergens like milk or eggs?” More research will need to be done to answer these questions so it’s important to always talk to your doctor about introducing potentially allergenic foods. Your pediatrician will have a better understanding of your child’s individual risks and be able to make informed decisions specifically for your child.

For more information on allergies and other recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics go to healthychildren.org.

•••

Lenna Ahlers, RDN, LD, is a WIC dietitian at Panhandle Health District and a graduate of the University of Idaho Dietetic program.